ABSTRACT
Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic and slowly progressive granulomatous disease, caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria from Actinomycetaceae family (genus Actinomyces) belonging to endogenous flora of mucous membranes. Actinomycosis infection to the Central Nervous System is generally secondary to hematogenous dissemination from the primary infection in the lung, abdomen, pelvis or by continuity in a cervical, oral or facial infection, since it is closely related to mycobacteria in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Actinomyces abscess of the brain can at times be confused with space-occupying lesions (SOL), tuberculosis as was seen in this case. A biopsy is essential for the diagnosis as if treated early these patients have a good prognosis. We present a case of 28 years male presented with frontal SOL which came out as actinomycosis on biopsy.
ABSTRACT
Seminoma is a germ cell tumor arising from the testis and rarely from mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations. Seminomas account for 40% of all GCTs. Seminoma can rarely metastasize to kidney and metastasis to the GI tract is least likely with an incidence of less than 1%. It is one of the most treatable and curable cancers, with a survival rate above 95% if discovered in early stages. We are presenting a rare case of metastatic seminoma in a 40-year-old male who presented with a renal and intestinal mass two years after orchidectomy for seminoma which was PLAP negative.
ABSTRACT
Anaemia is a major health issue that has a wide global impact involving approximately 1/3rd of patients with anaemia. HbA1C levels are not influenced by blood glucose levels alone. Studies suggest that conditions like IDA, haemolytic anaemia, alcohol ingestion, pregnancy, blood loss, and uraemia may alter HbA1C levels independent of glycaemic status. Methods: Totally 200 patients were included in the study.. 100 patients were controlled diabetics with iron deficiency anemia and 100 were controlled diabetics without iron deficiency anemia. Comparison of levels of HbA1c was done between the two groups. Results: Correlation between mcv and hba1c is -0.76716. Which is strongly negative correlated. P – Value for the correlation test is 0.000001. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia has role in elevating A1C in both the groups. Iron deficiency anemia elevates HbA1c levels in diabetic individuals with controlled plasma glucose levels. The elevation is more in patients having plasma glucose levels between 100 to 126 mg/dl. Hence, before altering the treatment regimen for diabetes, iron deficiency anemia should be treated first.